双板差分冲量式谷物流量传感器设

设计了一种双板冲量式谷物流量传感器及其差分消振电路,以消除车身振动对测产精度的影响.振动试验表明,在没有谷物输入时联合收获机车身振动导致前后2个检测板产生的2个振动信号是一对共模信号,可通过电路差分的方法消除;差分后传感器的输出电压的信噪比由2.5dB提高到62dB.在零喂入量情况下,振动产生的零点误差小于0.01g/s;在联合收获机正常作业的喂入量范围内(0.5～2kg/s),实验室测量误差小于3%.田间实际测量误差不大于5%.     

滩地造林抑螺作用机理研究进展

长江流域滩地是我国钉螺分布的主要区域，也是血吸虫病的主要流行区。近些年我国大力实施的林业血防工程通过滩地营造人工杨树林，使得钉螺原有孳生地的多种生物要素和非生物要素发生了明显变化，显著减少了钉螺种群的分布空间，从而有效控制了血吸虫病的传播。目前，国内外在滩地造林后单一要素改变对钉螺的影响方面已有较多研究，但有关生物要素与非生物要素对钉螺分布的交互作用还未有深入探索，对钉螺孳生产生抑制作用的关键要素尚不明确。文中综述了滩地造林后林下的草本植物群落、土壤理化性质、光照、地温等诸多要素发生变化对钉螺生存的不利影响，总结了滩地造林抑螺作用机理的研究进展，提出该领域今后的重点研究方向，以期为滩地造林抑螺作用机理的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。     

不同生物刺激剂对鲜食玉米产量和品质的影响

为研究生物刺激剂对玉米的增产提质效果,试验探讨不同生物刺激剂对玉米的产量和品质方面的影响,为鲜食玉米的优质高产栽培提供技术支撑。以鲜食玉米‘钱江糯3号’为试验品种,以3种生物刺激剂（阿美滋、美基、保康灵1号）为供试药剂,设置6个处理（阿美滋1000倍液、阿美滋1500倍液、阿美滋2000倍液、美基3000倍液、保康灵1号300倍液、清水对照）,研究大田常规施肥水平下药剂对‘钱江糯3号’的经济性状、产量及品质的影响。在阿美滋1500倍液喷施下,玉米的行粒数、单穗鲜重和单穗净重、产量均最高,蛋白质含量、粗纤维含量、还原糖含量、淀粉含量均居第3位;在保康灵1号300倍液喷施下,玉米的穗粗最高,单穗鲜重、单穗净重、产量均居第2位,蛋白质含量最高,脂肪含量最低,还原糖含量居第2位。阿美滋1500倍液在增加玉米产量上是最佳选择,保康灵1号300倍液则对提升玉米品质最有效果。建议生产上将阿美滋1500倍液与保康灵1号300倍液配合施用,这对鲜食玉米的增产提质效果最好。     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

黑寡妇蜘蛛牵引丝单一多聚序列对蚕丝性能改良的研究

蚕丝性能的优劣决定了蚕丝的价值和使用领域.本研究人工设计和构建了包含蜘蛛丝MaSp1基因中的32倍type1序列(32×MT1)和红色荧光蛋白表达框的piggyBac转基因质粒pBac[DsRed-32×MT1],通过显微注射家蚕品种兰10蚕卵获得了能够稳定遗传的转基因家蚕品系pBac-32×MT1.经荧光显微镜筛选、插入位点分析、mRNA表达丰度检测以及茧壳蛋白检测,证明了转基因家蚕能够表达融合了蛛蛛丝蛋白和轻链蛋白的重组丝.扫描电镜观察显示,转基因家蚕茧壳和丝纤维表面的形态和结构与野生型蚕品种兰10相近.傅里叶转换红外光谱去卷积分析表明,转基因家蚕丝蛋白二级结构中与丝应力有关的卢折叠含量达到63.6％,而野生型品种兰10丝蛋白的β折叠含量约为20％.蚕丝机械性能测定表明,转基因家蚕蚕丝的应力、应变和韧性比野生型家蚕丝分别提升了27.7％、10.7％和45.2％.上述结果表明,在家蚕基因组中导入MaSp1基因的type1单一多聚序列能显著增强重组丝的综合力学性能.     

Physiological response of one of South Africa’s premier freshwater sport angling species,the Orange-Vaal smallmouth yellowfish Labeobarbus aeneus,to catch-and-release angling

The practice of catch-and-release fishing has been widely promoted by angling fraternities as a fisheries manage- ment tool. The aim of this investigation was to determine the physiological response of Orange-Vaal smallmouth yellowfish, Labeobarbus aeneus, to catch-and-release angling in the Vaal River, South Africa. Fish were collected using standard fly-fishing techniques, anaesthetised in clove oil and blood was drawn from the caudal vein; thereafter the fish were weighed, measured, revived and released. Blood plasma was analysed for concentra- tions of glucose, cortisol and lactate to determine the effects of angling duration, fish size and water tempera- ture. Larger fish were angled for a longer duration compared with smaller fish. Levels of glucose were affected by water temperature (influenced by time of year). Plasma glucose concentrations decreased with greater angling duration. Few individuals (n = 12) showed increased plasma cortisol concentrations. In extended-capture fish (angled for >1 min), lactate concentrations increased significantly above values for rapid-capture fish (angled for >30 s). These data suggest that catch-and-release causes physiological stress to fish, but nonetheless this practice can be a valuable fisheries management tool to ensure the sustainability of fish populations. Other factors beyond the ‘angling’ time are likely to contribute to physiological disruptions in homeostasis and therefore handling and air exposure of angled fish should be included in future catch-and–release angling studies. In addition, the longer-term impact of angling on fish health should also be determined.     

From killer to carer: steroid hormones and paternal behaviour

Mammalian parental investment (i.e. care of descendant offspring) is largely biased towards maternal contributions due to the specific feeding needs of mammalian offspring; however, varying degrees of paternal investment have been reported in about 10% of all mammalian species. Within the order Carnivora, paternal contribution to rearing offspring is particularly high: an estimated 32% of all studied carnivore species exhibit direct paternal care. Despite the prominence of paternal investment in carnivores, the endocrine basis of this behaviour is not well understood. This review examines the current – highly constrained – state of knowledge about the endocrine basis of carnivore paternal investment. We attempt to link changes in androgen and glucocorticoid levels with variation in direct and indirect paternal care behaviour making specific predictions regarding the way forward. Well-studied species, such as bat-eared foxes (Otocyon megalotis), dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) and meerkats (Suricata suricatta), where social dynamics are relatively well understood, can act as ideal model systems through which we may further investigate the endocrine basis of paternal investment in carnivores.     

红酵母的性质及其应用研究

红酵母是酵母菌的一个属,腐生,分布广泛,在医学、食品、化工和农业等方面都有一定的应用,但目前并没有引起人们足够的重视。综述了红酵母的种属特性、理化特性、培养及其应用。     

茶树钾营养特性的研究

本文对我国主要茶区茶园土壤的含钾状况，茶树品种和土壤水分对茶树吸收钾的影响和茶园施肥钾肥的增产效果进行了系统研究。结果表明，我国有近６０％的茶园土壤处于罐钾状态，这已成为限制茶叶高产优质的主要障碍因子之一。不同品种茶树对钾的吸收具有明显差异，它们对钻的最大速率Ｖｍａｘ为龙井４３＞碧云＞苹云＞碧峰＞菊花春，米氏亲和常数Ｋｍ为碧峰＞碧云＞龙井４３＞苹云＞菊花春。干旱处理的茶树体内累积的钾和叶片的含钾量